Sometimes TN can be brought on by an arteriovenous malformation or a tumor. Trauma, dental work, and strokes affecting the nerve can also trigger TN. The trigeminal nerve consists of three branches, which service the face and up into the scalp. Any branch, and more than one, can be affected. Occasionally, it can occur bilaterally.When diagnosed, TN is classified as one of two types, which The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke describes as follows: The typical or "classic" form of the disorder (called "Type 1" or TN1) causes extreme, sporadic, sudden burning or shock-like facial pain that lasts anywhere from a few seconds to as long as two minutes per episode. These attacks can occur in quick succession, in volleys lasting as long as two hours. The "atypical" form of the disorder (called "Type 2" or TN2), is characterized by constant aching, burning, stabbing pain of somewhat lower intensity than Type 1. Both forms of pain may occur in the same person, sometimes at the same time. The intensity of pain can be physically and mentally incapacitating.
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